Human Trafficking in Africa

Walk Free estimates place 7 million people in modern slavery across Africa. The 2024 UNODC Africa chapter highlights mostly intraregional trafficking and trafficking of children for forced labour.

The 2024 AU policy and the AU's validated continental guidelines have strengthened the regional policy baseline, while work by the African Union, regional communities, and national agencies focuses on unsafe migration routes, labour exploitation, conflict, displacement, and cross-border coordination.

Africa Snapshot

Regional Profiles

West Africa

West Africa

West Africa faces persistent child trafficking, forced labour, forced begging, and sexual exploitation, with victims moved within the subregion and along migration corridors. Regional responses increasingly connect trafficking prevention to labour mobility and border governance.

ECOWAS Strategy
East Africa

East Africa and the Horn

Conflict, displacement, and unsafe migration routes continue to expose children, women, and migrant workers to trafficking for domestic work, sexual exploitation, forced labour, and forced criminality. Coordination focuses on intelligence sharing and cross-border action.

AU-HoAI Plan
Southern Africa

Southern Africa

Southern Africa continues to face labour exploitation in mining, agriculture, domestic work, transport corridors, and informal economies, with South Africa acting as a major destination. Regional responses frame trafficking as a public security and cross-border governance issue.

SADC Security

Resources

Further reading & recent updates

Research · March 2026

Survivor resilience in Uganda

Mixed-methods study of women using NGO services, with practical relevance for recovery and reintegration.

ILO evaluation · 2026

Survivor empowerment in Mauritania and Niger

Final project evaluation and recommendations on resilience, slavery-based discrimination and social partnerships.