Regional Profiles
Gulf Cooperation Council
Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE remain shaped by labour migration systems in which domestic work, construction, hospitality, transport, and other low-wage services can slide into trafficking and forced labour. Current reform debates center on labour mobility, social protection, wage systems, and access to remedies for migrant workers.
Gulf 2025 Update
Levant
Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria face trafficking risk tied to protracted displacement, child labour, early marriage, documentation gaps, and informal work. Refugee protection data from Lebanon and Jordan continue to show that schooling loss, transport costs, legal precarity, and shrinking household income push vulnerable families toward high-risk coping strategies.
3RP 2026
Iraq & Yemen
In Iraq and Yemen, trafficking overlaps with armed conflict, child recruitment, abduction, sexual exploitation, and severe governance disruption. UNODC's 2024 country data still record trafficking cases in Iraq across sexual exploitation, forced labour, and organ-removal cases, while Yemen reporting remains driven by grave violations affecting children.
2025 Iraq TIP